mmmt-tools / Synthesis / advanced fm
on-device · nothing leaves this page

Advanced FM: operator algorithms

Basic FM wires one modulator into one carrier. Real FM synths — the Yamaha DX7 chief among them — patch six operators into a fixed algorithm: a routing diagram of who modulates whom, and which operators reach the output as carriers. Pick an algorithm below and each operator's single slider does double duty: index (brightness) on a modulator, level (loudness) on a carrier — the same knob means something different depending on where the algorithm puts that operator. One algorithm also has feedback: an operator modulating its own frequency, which turns from a subtle edge into noise remarkably fast, so its slider is given far less headroom than a normal modulator's.

0
waveform
spectrum

Algorithm

Operators

Index envelope

Shared brightness envelope — scales every active modulator (and feedback) index the same way, so the timbre opens on attack and settles, like the DX7's own index envelopes.

0.35
0.25

Amp envelope

0.005
0.5
0.4
0.5

play with your keyboard (a s d f …) or click the keys